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        <title>Genetik ve Bilim</title>
        <description>
</description>
        <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Sun, 08 Nov 2009 04:11:24 +0200</lastBuildDate>
     
        <item>
            <title>Sera Etkisi</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/sera-etkisi_11954131.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/sera-etkisi_11954131.html</guid> 
            <description>
 &lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com&quot;&gt;SERA ETKİSİ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;http://www.lunerouge.org/textures/city/LRcity0009.jpg&quot; height=&quot;162&quot; width=&quot;647&quot;&gt; &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Uzun Dönemde, yeryüzünün, güneşten aldığı kadar bir enerjiyi uzaya vermesi gerekir. Güneş enerjisi yeryüzüne kısa dalga boyu radyasyon olarak ulaşır. Gelen radyasyonun bir bölümü, yeryüzünün yüzeyi ve atmosfer tarafından geri yansıtılır. Ama bunun büyük bölümü, atmosferden geçerek yeryüzünü ısıtır. Yeryüzü bu enerjiden, uzun dalga boyu, kızılötesi radyasyonla kurtulur (başka bir deyişle onu uzaya geri gönderir).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Gezegenimizin yüzeyi tarafından yukarıya salınan kızılötesi radyasyonun büyük bölümü atmosferdeki su buharı, karbondioksit ve doğal olarak oluşan diğer &amp;#8220;sera gazları&amp;#8221; tarafından emilir. Bu gazlar enerjinin, yeryüzünden geldiği gibi doğrudan uzaya geçmesini engeller. Birbiriyle etkileşimli birçok süreç (radyasyon, hava akımları, buharlaşma, bulut oluşumu ve yağmur dahil) enerjiyi atmosferin daha üst tabakalarına taşır ve enerji oradan uzaya aktarılır. Bu daha yavaş ve dolaylı süreç bizim için şanstır; çünkü yeryüzünün yüzeyi enerjiyi uzaya hiç engelsiz gönderebilseydi, o zaman yeryüzü soğuk ve yaşanmaz bir yer, Mars gibi çıplak ve ıssız bir gezegen olurdu. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Sera gazı emisyonları, atmosferin kızılötesi enerjiyi emme kapasitesini arttırarak, iklimin gelen ve gide.. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/sera-etkisi_11954131.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2008 02:43:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>Genetik Bilginin Değerlendirilmesi</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/genetik-bilginin-degerlendirilmesi_11953771.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/genetik-bilginin-degerlendirilmesi_11953771.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Genetik
Bilginin Değerlendirilmesi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;





&lt;p&gt;Ökaryot
canlılarda DNA çekirdek içerisinde kromozomlarda yer almıştır. Amino asitlerin
proteinlere dönüşmesi sitoplasmada ve çekirdeğin dışında yer almaktadır. Bu
sebeple genetik bilgi hücre içerisinde depolandığı yerden değerlendirildiği
yere transfer olmaktadır. Bu transfer ve değerlendirme işlemi RNA tarafından
sağlanmaktadır. RNA molekülleri hücre ve dokularda fazla miktarda bulunmakta ve
proteinlerin oluşumunda görev yapmaktadır. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ribonükleik
asit&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;RNA, DNAya kimyasal kompozisyon ve yapısı
oldukça benzeyen nükleik asittir. DNA'dan farkı;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; RNA tek
     iplikli moleküldür. Fakat çeşitli kompleks formlara katlanabilir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;RNA da
     şeker molekülleri riboz olup hidroksil grubu bulundurur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;RNA'da
     timin yerine urasil bulunmaktadır.&lt;/p&gt;



</description>
            <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2008 02:25:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>The replication fork</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/the-replication-fork_6864731.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/the-replication-fork_6864731.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;h2&gt;The replication fork&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/DNA_replication_editable.svg/300px-DNA_replication_editable.svg.png&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many enzymes are involved in the DNA replication fork.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The replication fork is a structure which forms when DNA is being replicated. It is created through the action of helicase, which breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together. The resulting structure has two branching &quot;prongs&quot;, each one made up of a single strand of DNA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;Lagging_strand_synthesis&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Lagging strand synthesis&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In DNA replication, the lagging strand is the DNA strand at the replication fork opposite to the leading strand. It is also oriented in the opposite direction when compared to the leading strand, with the 5' near the replication fork instead of the 3' end as is the case with the leading strand. When the enzyme helicase unwinds DNA, two single stranded regions of DNA (the &quot;replication fork&quot;) form. DNA polymerase cannot build a strand in the 3' &amp;rarr; .. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/the-replication-fork_6864731.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Sat, 26 Jan 2008 22:38:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>DNA replication</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-replication_6831341.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-replication_6831341.html</guid> 
            <description>

&lt;h1&gt;DNA
replication&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia&lt;/h3&gt;



&lt;p&gt;</description>
            <pubDate>Sat, 26 Jan 2008 15:10:01 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>DNA Structure </title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-structure_5266091.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-structure_5266091.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DNA Structure&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;While
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the building block of very complex
organisms, such as humans, its basic structure is fairly simple. DNA is
made up of three different molecules: a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a
phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. These three molecules together
compose what is called a nucleotide. Four different nucleotides make up
all DNA, which only differ by their nitrogen base group. Thus, the
nucleotides are named for their nitrogen group. The four different
nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine
(T). &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;These nucleotides arrange themselves in an interesting
shape called a double helix. This looks like a ladder, where the two
sides are coiled around one another. The sides of the ladder are formed
by the sugar and phosphate groups of the nucleotides, which bond
together linearly. The nitrogen base group sticks out from this chain,
and bonds together with a base of another string of nucleotides
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
.. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-structure_5266091.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 17:11:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>DNA Structure</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-structure_5265941.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-structure_5265941.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;strong&gt;DNA Structure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;DNA
is composed of several different subunits. The backbone of the molecule
is made of a sugar called deoxyribose. The deoxyribose is held together
by phosphate groups. Deoxyribose also forms bonds with the four bases,
adenine (A), cytosine ( C), thymine (T) and guanine (G). Figures
8.1-8.6 depict how the subunits are assembled in a DNA molecule. In
these figures, black represents adenine, white thymine, dark gray
guanine, and light gray cytosine. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 8.1: Rasmol Image of DNA Double Helix Segment &lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/dna-1.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;dna-1_small.GIF (6818 bytes)&quot; src=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/dna-1_small.GIF&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 8.2: Closer View of DNA &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/dna-2.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;dna-2_small.GIF (12467 bytes)&quot; src=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/dna-2_small.GIF&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 8.3: Conceptual DNA Model 
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/dna-concept-3.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;dna-concept-3_small.GIF (5219 bytes)&quot; src=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/dna-concept-3_small.GIF&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Figure 8.4: Top and Side view of Two Steps&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/step-dna4a.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;step-dna4a_small.GIF (8998 bytes)&quot; src=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/step-dna4a_small.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/step-dna4b.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;step-dna4b_small.GIF (8424 bytes)&quot; src=&quot;http://www.theory-of-evolution.net/chap8/step-dna4b_small.GIF&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
Chapter 3 describes how this structure stores information. The order of
the four bases (A, T, C and G) read three at a time per table 3.2
determine the amino acid sequence i.. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-structure_5265941.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 17:09:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>RNA</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/rna_5265861.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/rna_5265861.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RNA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DNA remains in the
nucleus, but in order for it to get its instructions translated into
proteins, it must send its message to the ribosomes, where proteins are
made. The chemical used to carry this message is &lt;b&gt;Messenger RNA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/mRNA-colored.gif&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; height=&quot;351&quot; width=&quot;220&quot;&gt;RNA = ribonucleic acid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RNA is similar to DNA except:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;1. has on strand instead of two strands.&lt;br&gt;2. has uracil instead of thymine&lt;br&gt;3. has ribose instead of deoxyribose&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;mRNA has the job of taking the message from the DNA to the nucleus to the ribosomes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tran******ion&lt;/b&gt; - RNA is made from DNA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Translation&lt;/b&gt; - Proteins are made from the message on the RNA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/DNA-RNA.gif&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; width=&quot;441&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
.. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/rna_5265861.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 17:08:01 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>RNA</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/rna_5265841.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/rna_5265841.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RNA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DNA remains in the
nucleus, but in order for it to get its instructions translated into
proteins, it must send its message to the ribosomes, where proteins are
made. The chemical used to carry this message is &lt;b&gt;Messenger RNA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/mRNA-colored.gif&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; height=&quot;351&quot; width=&quot;220&quot;&gt;RNA = ribonucleic acid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RNA is similar to DNA except:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;1. has on strand instead of two strands.&lt;br&gt;2. has uracil instead of thymine&lt;br&gt;3. has ribose instead of deoxyribose&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;mRNA has the job of taking the message from the DNA to the nucleus to the ribosomes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tran******ion&lt;/b&gt; - RNA is made from DNA&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Translation&lt;/b&gt; - Proteins are made from the message on the RNA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/DNA-RNA.gif&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; width=&quot;441&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
.. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/rna_5265841.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 17:08:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>DNA - DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid_5265821.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid_5265821.html</guid> 
            <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;DNA - DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DNA is sometimes called
&quot;the blueprint of life&quot; because it contains the code, or instructions
for building and organism and ensuring that organism ********s
correctly. Just like a builder uses a blueprint to build a house, DNA
is used as the blueprint, or plans, for the entire organism. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is the chemical
component of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus of every
cell. Stretches of DNA (or stretches of chromosomes) code for genes. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gene&lt;/b&gt; - a segment of
DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin
tone, eye color..etc), a gene is a stretch of DNA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The structure of DNA was established by James Watson and Francis Crick. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/DNA-colored.gif&quot; hspace=&quot;25&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The shape of the DNA
molecule is a double-helix (like a twisted ladder). The sides of the
ladder are composed of alternating sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphates.
The rungs of the ladder are composed of nucleotides.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nucleotides (also called Bases)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Adenine, Thymine, , Guanine, Cytosine or A, T, G, C&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nucleotides pair in a specific way - called the Base-Pair Rule &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Adenine pairs to Thymine&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Guanine pairs to Cytosine&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;.. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid_5265821.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 17:07:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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        <item>
            <title>İnsan Kopyalama</title>
            <link>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/insan-kopyalama_4991081.html</link>
            <guid>http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/insan-kopyalama_4991081.html</guid> 
            <description>İNSAN KOPYALAMA&lt;br&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/112355.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt; &quot;İnsanın varlığını meydana getiren en küçük 
                            temel birim olan hücre, çekirdeğinde bulunan DNA ve 
                            RNA, çoğalmayı, genetik özelliklerin nesilden nesile 
                            aktarımını sağlamaktadır. Klonlama DNA parçalarından 
                            çok sayıda özdeş kopyalama işlemidir. Bunun için, 
                            kopyalanmak istenen DNA dizini tespit edilip enzimler 
                            vasıtasıyla ana dizinden ayrılarak, aktarılmak istenen 
                            parçaya &quot;DNA bağlayıcı enzim&quot; aracılığıyla 
                            birleştirilip yeni DNA oluşturulacaktır. Bugün, bu 
                            sistem tıpta doğuştan metabolik ve kalıtsal hastalıklar 
                            ile AIDS gibi tedavisi olmayan hastalıkların iyileştirilmesinde 
                            kullanılmaktadır. Genetik defekte (bozukluk) yol açan 
                            DNA dizilimindeki bozukluk tespit edilerek, bu bölüm 
                            enzimlerle ana dizinden koparılarak, taşıyıcı DNA 
                            sarmalları yoluyla, taşınmak istenen doğru şifre içeren 
                            dizin, bağlayıcı enzim ile bozuk alana bağlanmakta 
                            böylece eksik materyal, yerine konmuş olmaktadır.&lt;br&gt;
                            Bu işlemin en son formu, koyun cinsi bir havyanın 
                            hücre DNA'sının tekrar kendi hücrelerine aktarımı 
                            ile .. ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://genetikvebilim.blogcu.com/insan-kopyalama_4991081.html&quot;&gt;devamı &lt;/a&gt;)</description>
            <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2007 01:22:00 +0200</pubDate>        
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